Context
Venezuela has been through almost two decades of on-going riots, they were particularly intense during 2014 to 2019 and recently in 2024-2025.1 This intensity was fueled by rigged elections (multiple times), basic products scarcity, hyperinflation, governmental sabotage in public universities, lack of basic services (electricity, water), corruption and the list goes on. In this tab we will focus on Venezuela, specially during these time period, and I will provide more details on the reasons and the people.
This dataframe is from ACLED, but it has more information (like event type and subtype), so it will allows us to make a more detailed overview of Venezuela’s situation.
El Pueblo
Before we look at the data, I want you to look at the names. These numbers are people, that should be on top of your head as you read the rest of this. 2
These are the registered victims of the Venezuelan riots of 2014, 2017 and 2024.
Código
library(rvest)
library(dplyr)
library(janitor)
library(stringr)
library(htmltools)
# Function to scrape and clean
scrape_victims <- function(url) {
read_html(url) |>
html_node("table") |>
html_table(fill = TRUE) |>
clean_names() |>
select(Name = nombre, Age = edad) |>
mutate(
Age = as.numeric(Age),
Name = str_remove_all(Name, "\\[.*?\\]|\\(.*?\\)")
)
}
# URLs to scrape
urls <- c(
"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Fallecidos_durante_las_protestas_en_Venezuela_de_2014",
"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Fallecidos_durante_las_protestas_en_Venezuela_de_2017",
"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Fallecidos_durante_las_protestas_en_Venezuela_de_2024"
)
# Scrape all pages
victims_list <- lapply(urls, scrape_victims)
victims_all <- bind_rows(victims_list)
# Create horizontal scroll cards with black-and-white theme
cards <- lapply(1:nrow(victims_all), function(i) {
htmltools::tags$div(
style = paste(
"flex: 0 0 200px;",
"border:1px solid #000;", # black
"border-radius:8px;",
"padding:20px;",
"margin:2px;",
"height:150px;",
"text-align:center;",
"background-color:#fff;", # white
"color:#000;", # black
"box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);" # shadow
),
htmltools::tags$strong(victims_all$Name[i]),
htmltools::tags$br(),
paste("Age:", victims_all$Age[i])
)
})
# Carousel container with horizontal scroll
carousel <- htmltools::tags$div(
style = paste(
"display: flex;",
"overflow-x: auto;",
"scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;",
"padding: 10px;",
"background-color:#000;" # black background
),
cards
)
htmltools::browsable(carousel)
Bassil Da Costa
Age: 23
Age: 23
Juan Carlos Montoya
Age: 50
Age: 50
Robert Redman
Age: 31
Age: 31
José Ernesto Méndez
Age: 17
Age: 17
Génesis Carmona
Age: 22
Age: 22
Luzmila Petit de Colina
Age: 70
Age: 70
Julio Eduardo González Pinto
Age: 25
Age: 25
Delia Elena Lobo
Age: 37
Age: 37
Arturo Alexis Martínez
Age: 58
Age: 58
Elvis Rafael Durán De La Rosa
Age: 29
Age: 29
José Alejandro Márquez
Age: 43
Age: 43
Geraldine Moreno
Age: 23
Age: 23
Willmer Carballo Amaya
Age: 43
Age: 43
Jimmy Vargas
Age: 34
Age: 34
Antonio José Valbuena Morales
Age: 32
Age: 32
Joan Quintero
Age: 33
Age: 33
Eduardo Anzola
Age: 29
Age: 29
María Julieta Heredia
Age: 89
Age: 89
Giovanni Pantoja
Age: 29
Age: 29
Deivis Durán Useche
Age: 31
Age: 31
Luis Gutiérrez Camargo
Age: 26
Age: 26
José Gregorio Amaris Castillo
Age: 25
Age: 25
Acner Isaac López Lyon
Age: 22
Age: 22
Giselle Rubilar
Age: 47
Age: 47
Daniel Tinoco
Age: 24
Age: 24
Jesús Eduardo Acosta
Age: 23
Age: 23
Ramzor Bracho
Age: 36
Age: 36
Guillermo Sánchez
Age: 42
Age: 42
José Guillén Araque
Age: NA
Age: NA
Francisco Madrid
Age: 31
Age: 31
Anthony Rojas
Age: 18
Age: 18
Jhon Castillo
Age: 23
Age: 23
Wilfredo Rey
Age: 31
Age: 31
Argenis Hernández
Age: 26
Age: 26
Jesús Labrador
Age: 40
Age: 40
Adriana Urquiola
Age: 28
Age: 28
Miguel Antonio Parra
Age: 42
Age: 42
Luis Alberto Romero Moncada
Age: 44
Age: 44
Roberto Annese
Age: 30
Age: 30
Mariana Ceballos
Age: 32
Age: 32
José Daza
Age: 34
Age: 34
José Steven Colina
Age: 26
Age: 26
Josue Farías
Age: 19
Age: 19
Jairo Ortiz
Age: 19
Age: 19
Daniel Alejandro Queliz Araca
Age: 19
Age: 19
Miguel Ángel Colmenárez Milano
Age: 36
Age: 36
Brayan David Principal Giménez
Age: 14
Age: 14
Gruseny Antonio Calderón Scirpatempo
Age: 32
Age: 32
Carlos José Moreno
Age: 17
Age: 17
Paola Andreína Ramírez Gómez
Age: 23
Age: 23
Niumar José San Clemente Barrios
Age: 26
Age: 26
Mervin Fernando Guitian Díaz
Age: 25
Age: 25
Albert Alejandro Rodríguez Aponte
Age: 16
Age: 16
Ramón Ernesto Martínez Cegarra
Age: 28
Age: 28
Francisco Javier González Núñez
Age: 34
Age: 34
Kelvin Steeven León
Age: 19
Age: 19
Jairo Ramírez
Age: 45
Age: 45
William Heriberto Marrero Rebolledo
Age: 33
Age: 33
Robert Joel Centeno Briceño
Age: 29
Age: 29
Jonathan Antonio Meneses López
Age: 27
Age: 27
Elio Manuel Pacheco Pérez
Age: 20
Age: 20
Romer Stivenson Zamora
Age: 29
Age: 29
Yorgeiber Rafael Barrena Bolívar
Age: 15
Age: 15
Kenyer Alexander Aranguren Pérez
Age: 20
Age: 20
Manuel Pérez
Age: 19
Age: 19
Natalie Martínez
Age: NA
Age: NA
José Ramón Gutiérrez
Age: NA
Age: NA
Ángel Lugo Salas
Age: NA
Age: NA
Estefany Tapias
Age: NA
Age: NA
Almelina Carrillo Virgüez
Age: 48
Age: 48
Renzo Rodríguez Rodas
Age: 54
Age: 54
Jesús Leonardo Sulbarán
Age: 41
Age: 41
Luis Alberto Márquez
Age: 52
Age: 52
Orlando Johan Jhosep Medina Aguilar
Age: 22
Age: 22
Christian Humberto Ochoa Soriano
Age: 22
Age: 22
Jackson Enrique Hernández Hernández
Age: 16
Age: 16
Juan Pablo Pernalete
Age: 20
Age: 20
Eyker Daniel Rojas Gil
Age: 20
Age: 20
Yonathan Eduardo Quintero Arenas
Age: 21
Age: 21
Carlos Eduardo Aranguren Salcedo
Age: 30
Age: 30
Ángel Enrique Moreira González
Age: 28
Age: 28
Ana Victoria Colmenárez de Hernández
Age: 43
Age: 43
María de los Ángeles Guanipa
Age: 38
Age: 38
Jesús Armando Alonso Valera
Age: 15
Age: 15
Armando Cañizales Carrillo
Age: 18
Age: 18
No identificado
Age: NA
Age: NA
Daniel Gamboa
Age: 40
Age: 40
Jesús Asdrúbal Sarmiento
Age: 26
Age: 26
Luis Eloy Pacheco
Age: 22
Age: 22
Carlos Mora
Age: 20
Age: 20
Gerardo José Barrera Alonso
Age: 38
Age: 38
Hecder Vladimir Lugo Pérez
Age: 20
Age: 20
Miguel Medina
Age: 20
Age: 20
Anderson Enrique Dugarte Dugarte
Age: 31
Age: 31
Miguel Castillo Bracho
Age: 27
Age: 27
Luis José Alviarez Chacón
Age: 18
Age: 18
Diego Armando Hernández Barón
Age: 32
Age: 32
Yeison Nathanael Mora Castillo
Age: 17
Age: 17
Diego Fernando Arellano De Figueredo
Age: 31
Age: 31
José Francisco Guerrero Contreras
Age: 15
Age: 15
Manuel Felipe Castellanos Molina
Age: 48
Age: 48
Freddy Jerson Ramírez Calderón
Age: 36
Age: 36
Reinaldo Márquez Rada
Age: 19
Age: 19
No identificado
Age: 17
Age: 17
Paúl René Moreno Camacho
Age: 24
Age: 24
Daniel Rodríguez Quevedo
Age: 18
Age: 18
Jorge David Escandón Chiquito
Age: 37
Age: 37
Edy Alejandro Terán Aguilar
Age: 22
Age: 22
Yorman Ali Bervecia Cabeza
Age: 18
Age: 18
Jhon Alberto Quintero
Age: 21
Age: 21
Miguel Ángel Bravo Martínez
Age: 25
Age: 25
Alfredo José Briceño Carrizález
Age: 25
Age: 25
Elvis Andonis Montilla Pérez
Age: 20
Age: 20
Ynigo Jesús Leiva
Age: 66
Age: 66
Freiber Pérez Vielma
Age: 21
Age: 21
Juan Antonio Sánchez Suárez
Age: 21
Age: 21
Erick Antonio Molina Contreras
Age: 35
Age: 35
Augusto Sergio Puga Velásquez
Age: 22
Age: 22
Adrián José Duque Bravo
Age: 23
Age: 23
Manuel Alejandro Sosa Aponte
Age: 33
Age: 33
Danny José Subero
Age: 34
Age: 34
César David Pereira Villegas
Age: 20
Age: 20
Nelson Antonio Moncada Gómez
Age: 37
Age: 37
María Estefanía Rodríguez
Age: 45
Age: 45
Luis Miguel Gutiérrez Molina
Age: 20
Age: 20
Yoinier Javier Peña Hernández
Age: 28
Age: 28
Orlando Figuera
Age: 22
Age: 22
Neomar Lander
Age: 17
Age: 17
Sócrates Jesús Salgado Romero
Age: 49
Age: 49
Douglas Acevedo Sánchez Lamus
Age: 41
Age: 41
José Amador Lorenzo González
Age: 50
Age: 50
Luis Alberto Machado Valdez
Age: 26
Age: 26
Luis Enrique Vera Sulbarán
Age: 20
Age: 20
José Gregorio Pérez Pérez
Age: 20
Age: 20
Nelson Daniel Arévalo Avendaño
Age: 21
Age: 21
Fabián Urbina
Age: 17
Age: 17
David José Vallenilla Luis
Age: 22
Age: 22
Lendy José Guanipa Millán
Age: 27
Age: 27
Ronny Alberto Parra Araujo
Age: 27
Age: 27
Jhonatan José Zavatti Serrano
Age: 25
Age: 25
Javier Alexander Toro Trejo
Age: 34
Age: 34
Isael Jesús Macadán Aquino
Age: 18
Age: 18
Luiyin Alfonso Paz Borjas
Age: 20
Age: 20
Roberto Enrique Durán Ramírez
Age: 26
Age: 26
Alexander Rafael Sanoja Sánchez
Age: 36
Age: 36
Víctor Manuel Betancourt
Age: 18
Age: 18
Alfredo José Figuera Gutiérrez
Age: 18
Age: 18
Eduardo José Márquez Albarrán
Age: 20
Age: 20
José Rodolfo Bouzamayor Bravo
Age: 33
Age: 33
Rubén Alexander Morillo Pereira
Age: 33
Age: 33
Fernando Rojas Rubio
Age: 49
Age: 49
José Gregorio Mendoza Durán
Age: 44
Age: 44
Ramsés Enrique Martínez
Age: 20
Age: 20
Engelberth Duque
Age: 25
Age: 25
Jonathan Alexander Giménez Vaamonde
Age: 29
Age: 29
Rubén Darío González Jiménez
Age: 17
Age: 17
Manuel Ángel Villalobos Urdaneta
Age: 22
Age: 22
Oswaldo Rafael Britt
Age: 17
Age: 17
Yanet Angulo Parra
Age: 56
Age: 56
Xiomara Soledad Scott
Age: 60
Age: 60
Héctor Alejandro Anuel Moreno
Age: 35
Age: 35
Ronney Eloy Tejera Soler
Age: 24
Age: 24
Eury Rafael Hurtado
Age: 34
Age: 34
Andrés José Uzcátegui Ávila
Age: 23
Age: 23
Jean Luis Camarillo Deluque
Age: 15
Age: 15
Víctor Manuel Márquez Luengo
Age: 34
Age: 34
Yamile Margarita Vásquez Gómez
Age: 51
Age: 51
Carlos Alberto Paredes Carrizo
Age: 30
Age: 30
Rafael Antonio Balza Vergara
Age: 30
Age: 30
Enderson Enrique Calderas Ramírez
Age: 23
Age: 23
Jean Carlos Aponte
Age: 16
Age: 16
Rafael Celestino Canache Guaina
Age: 29
Age: 29
Gilimber Terán
Age: 16
Age: 16
Leonardo Augusto González Barreto
Age: 48
Age: 48
José Miguel Pestano
Age: 23
Age: 23
José Gustavo Leal Villasmil
Age: 18
Age: 18
Oneiver Jhoan Quiñones Ramírez
Age: 30
Age: 30
Eduardo Gil Rodríguez
Age: 53
Age: 53
Wilmer Smith Flores Carrascal
Age: 19
Age: 19
Marcel Pereira
Age: 38
Age: 38
Albert Rosales
Age: 52
Age: 52
Ender Rafael Peña Sepúlveda
Age: 18
Age: 18
Juan José Monges Páez
Age: 42
Age: 42
Ronald Ramírez Rosales
Age: NA
Age: NA
Luis Eduardo Ortiz
Age: 17
Age: 17
Adrián Smith Rodríguez Sánchez
Age: 13
Age: 13
Ricardo Campos
Age: 30
Age: 30
Luis Beltrán Zambrano Lucena
Age: 43
Age: 43
Ángelo Yordano Méndez
Age: 28
Age: 28
Eduardo Olave
Age: 39
Age: 39
José Fernando Sánchez Sánchez
Age: 24
Age: 24
Haider Ocando
Age: 19
Age: 19
Hilario José Gutiérrez
Age: 37
Age: 37
Daniela de Jesús Salomón Machado
Age: 15
Age: 15
Antony Rodrigo Labrador
Age: 23
Age: 23
Jhonny Alfredo Colmenares Colmenárez
Age: 25
Age: 25
Ramón Antonio Rivas
Age: 52
Age: 52
Wilmerys Zerpa
Age: 20
Age: 20
Eduardo Orozco
Age: 19
Age: 19
Luis Guillermo Espinoza
Age: 15
Age: 15
Anyelo Rafael Quintero Rivas
Age: 29
Age: 29
Julio Valerio García
Age: NA
Age: NA
Jesús Tovar Perdomo
Age: NA
Age: NA
Jhon Alejandro Graterol Mendoza
Age: NA
Age: NA
Isaías Fuenmayor
Age: NA
Age: NA
Olinger Montaño
Age: NA
Age: NA
Antoni Cañizález
Age: NA
Age: NA
Jeison Javier Bracho Martínez
Age: NA
Age: NA
Rancés Daniel Yzarra Bolívar
Age: NA
Age: NA
Carlos Porras
Age: NA
Age: NA
Jesús R. Medina P.
Age: NA
Age: NA
Gustavo Rojas
Age: NA
Age: NA
José A. Torres Blanca
Age: NA
Age: NA
Anthony David Moya Mantía
Age: NA
Age: NA
Eurisjunior José Mendoza Royé
Age: NA
Age: NA
Jeison Gabriel España Guillén
Age: NA
Age: NA
Edgar Alexander Aristeguieta
Age: NA
Age: NA
Aníbal José Romero Salazar
Age: NA
Age: NA
Dorian Rair Rondón
Age: NA
Age: NA
Víctor Bustos
Age: NA
Age: NA
Yorgenis Emiliano Leyva Méndez
Age: NA
Age: NA
Luis Eduardo Roberto Hernández
Age: NA
Age: NA
Gabriel Ramos
Age: NA
Age: NA
Walter Páez Lucena
Age: NA
Age: NA
Fuente: Monitor de Víctimas
Age: NA
Age: NA
Trends & Look Up
After a tough start, I know, we will see the evolution of Venezuela protests’ fatalities, as we did in the global case, just that this time by event type:
Código
p.vnzl <- df_vnzl |>
ggplot(aes(
x = WEEK,
y = EVENTS,
group = EVENT_TYPE,
data_id = EVENT_TYPE,
color = EVENT_TYPE
)) +
geom_line_interactive(
linewidth = 0.5,
hover_nearest = TRUE,
aes(tooltip = EVENT_TYPE)
) +
scale_color_brewer() +
labs(
x = "Weeks",
y = "Number of events",
title = "Eventful Trend",
)
p.vnzl <- girafe(ggobj = p.vnzl)
p.vnzlGiven that the frequency is by weeks, the evolution doesn’t tell much information. Therefore I provide the same look-up table as for the global case:
Código
Most Fatal Events
Coming from the previous graphs and table, I became interested in which type of sub- event (to get more specific) caused the most fatalities in total. We calculate and showcase as follows:
Código
bar.vnzl <- df_vnzl |>
group_by(SUB_EVENT_TYPE) |>
summarise(
total_fatal = sum(FATALITIES, na.rm = TRUE)
) |>
arrange(desc(total_fatal)) |>
slice_head(n = 10) |>
ggplot( aes(
x = reorder(SUB_EVENT_TYPE, total_fatal),
y = total_fatal,
tooltip = paste(
"Sub-event type:", SUB_EVENT_TYPE,
"<br>Total fatalities:", total_fatal
),
data_id = SUB_EVENT_TYPE
)
) +
geom_bar_interactive(
fill = "#003B5D",
stat = "identity",
width = 0.7
) +
coord_flip() +
theme_classic() +
labs(
x = "Sub-event type",
y = "Number of fatalities",
title = "Top 10 sub-event types by fatalities"
)
girafe(
ggobj = bar.vnzl,
options = list(
opts_hover(css = "fill:orange;"),
opts_selection(type = "none")
)
)Closure
Our national anthem is “Gloria al Bravo Pueblo”, and sadly, that is exactly what we’ve had to be. Venezuela lives in scarcity and extreme poverty, from which you can take a break from in Las Mercedes 3. Limited access to water, national ‘apagones’ that last weeks, food scarcity and hideous prices due to hyperinflation and speculation… Students who can’t study, full-time workers getting paid 3$ a month; this is the Venezuela that still fights, that goes out and riots after years of an ilegitimate government. Knowing there is no institutional back-up, that their institutions are the ones shooting at them.
Resilience should not be required to live a worthy life.